I will have 2 biochemsitry courses done by the end of this year. One is @ 200 level and the other is @ 300. I don't know if I should take another semester of biochemistry (Biochemistry of Macromolecules) .....as I don't need it for my degree. I've consulted the admissions website and I think I've learned most the stuff (except "Lineweaver-Burk plots?"....) Things like Henderson-Hasselbalch equation should've been covered in general chemistry? Bohr effect covered in physiology.....etc etc
any comments? thanks
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1. BIOMOLECULES
Introduction and review; Review of pH, chemical bonds, properties of water, etc. Fatty acids; Structure, properties, and nomenclature. Carbohydrates; Structure, properties, and nomenclature; Stereoisomers, disaccharides and polysaccharides, digestion. Nucleotides; Structure, properties, and nomenclature; tautomerism. Amino acids; Structure, properties, and nomenclature; Henderson-Hasselbalch equation; Properties of side chains, peptide bonds, disulfide bonds. Proteins;
Structure (10, 20, 3 & 4), protein folding, denaturation; Examples of fibrous proteins (keratin, fibroin, collagen); Examples of globular proteins (myoglobin and hemoglobin); Hemoglobin: molecular mechanisms (cooperative effect, Bohr effect,& effect of 2,3-BPG); Fetal hemoglobin; carbon monoxide; sickle cell anemia. Enzymes; General properties (effects of temperature and pH, specificity, cofactors); Mechanism of the serine proteases; Kinetics (Michaelis-Menten equation, Lineweaver-Burk plots); Allosteric enzymes, inhibitors. Lipids and membranes; Phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids and glycoprotems.
II. METABOLISM
Thermodynamics; Entropy; relation of Keq, DG, and DGO'; coupled reactions; Energetics of ATP. Glycolysis. Overview; Details of reactions, energetics, enzyme nomenclature; Biological oxidations and reductions, cofactors (NAD, NADP, FAD)
Anaerobic metabolism.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase and acetyl Co; Krebs cycle; Oxidative phosphorylation; Mitochondria, reduction potentials, chemiosmotic mechanism; Structures and properties of respiratory chain complexes and carriers; F0FjATPase, P/O ratio, blockers and uncouplers; Transport across mitochonrial membrane (glycerol phosphate shuttle, malate aspartate shuttle, ATP/ADP translocase); Glycogen and glycogenolysis; Gluconeogenesis; Role in metabolism, reactions, biotin dependent enzymes; Pentose phosphate pathway; Regulation of metabolism; General principles; Examples of control of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and Krebs cycle; Hormones and signal transduction; control of glycogen metabolism; Overview of control of blood glucose; Metabolism of lipids; Oxidation of fatty acids, oxidation of propionyl CoA, cobalamin; Synthesis of fatty acids in E. coli and in humans; Synthesis of odd numbered and methylated fatty acids; Elongation and desaturation; Metabolism of triacylglycerol; Control of lipid metabolism; Ketones (synthesis, starvation, diabetes); Metabolism of amino acids; Overview, nutrition; Nitrogen metabolism (aminotransferases, urea cycle); Catabolism of amino acids: role in gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis; Specific pathways; inborn errors of metabolism; Synthesis of neurotransmitters; Comparison of monooxygenases, dioxygenases, and oxidases. One carbon metabolism. S-adenosyl methionine, tetrahydrofolate; Metabolism of nucleotides; Synthesis and catabolism of pyrimidines and purines; synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides; synthesis of thymine (amethopterin and cancer chemotherapy); Comparison of folate deficiency and cobalamin deficiency; Synthesis of cholesterol; Lipoproteins and lipid transport; Medical implications, familial hypercholesterolemia; Miscellaneous topics. [steroids, PG's]
III. MOLECULAR GENETICS
Overview, central dogma. DNA; Structure (base pairs; A, B, & Z helices; denaturing, supercoiling); DNA synthesis (replication); Overview: Enzymes (DNA polymerases, primase, helicase, ligase, topoisomerases); Sequence of events (origin, lagging strand). RNA; RNA synthesis (transcription); RNA polymerase, promotors, termination, Rho protein; Control of prokaryotic transcription, lac operon; Synthesis of tRNA and rRNA, nibozymes; Comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription; Modification of eukaryotic mRNA, introns, snRNP's; Protein synthesis (translation); The genetic code; Structure of tRNA, wobble hypothesis, structure of ribosomes; Sequence of events; Comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis; Repair of DNA; Mutation, errors in replication; Repair of pyrimidine dimers, deamination of cytosine; Laboratory techniques; Plasmids, retroviruses, restriction enzymes; Electrophoresis, Southern blots, cloning DNA in E. coli.
any comments? thanks
___________________________________
1. BIOMOLECULES
Introduction and review; Review of pH, chemical bonds, properties of water, etc. Fatty acids; Structure, properties, and nomenclature. Carbohydrates; Structure, properties, and nomenclature; Stereoisomers, disaccharides and polysaccharides, digestion. Nucleotides; Structure, properties, and nomenclature; tautomerism. Amino acids; Structure, properties, and nomenclature; Henderson-Hasselbalch equation; Properties of side chains, peptide bonds, disulfide bonds. Proteins;
Structure (10, 20, 3 & 4), protein folding, denaturation; Examples of fibrous proteins (keratin, fibroin, collagen); Examples of globular proteins (myoglobin and hemoglobin); Hemoglobin: molecular mechanisms (cooperative effect, Bohr effect,& effect of 2,3-BPG); Fetal hemoglobin; carbon monoxide; sickle cell anemia. Enzymes; General properties (effects of temperature and pH, specificity, cofactors); Mechanism of the serine proteases; Kinetics (Michaelis-Menten equation, Lineweaver-Burk plots); Allosteric enzymes, inhibitors. Lipids and membranes; Phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids and glycoprotems.
II. METABOLISM
Thermodynamics; Entropy; relation of Keq, DG, and DGO'; coupled reactions; Energetics of ATP. Glycolysis. Overview; Details of reactions, energetics, enzyme nomenclature; Biological oxidations and reductions, cofactors (NAD, NADP, FAD)
Anaerobic metabolism.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase and acetyl Co; Krebs cycle; Oxidative phosphorylation; Mitochondria, reduction potentials, chemiosmotic mechanism; Structures and properties of respiratory chain complexes and carriers; F0FjATPase, P/O ratio, blockers and uncouplers; Transport across mitochonrial membrane (glycerol phosphate shuttle, malate aspartate shuttle, ATP/ADP translocase); Glycogen and glycogenolysis; Gluconeogenesis; Role in metabolism, reactions, biotin dependent enzymes; Pentose phosphate pathway; Regulation of metabolism; General principles; Examples of control of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and Krebs cycle; Hormones and signal transduction; control of glycogen metabolism; Overview of control of blood glucose; Metabolism of lipids; Oxidation of fatty acids, oxidation of propionyl CoA, cobalamin; Synthesis of fatty acids in E. coli and in humans; Synthesis of odd numbered and methylated fatty acids; Elongation and desaturation; Metabolism of triacylglycerol; Control of lipid metabolism; Ketones (synthesis, starvation, diabetes); Metabolism of amino acids; Overview, nutrition; Nitrogen metabolism (aminotransferases, urea cycle); Catabolism of amino acids: role in gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis; Specific pathways; inborn errors of metabolism; Synthesis of neurotransmitters; Comparison of monooxygenases, dioxygenases, and oxidases. One carbon metabolism. S-adenosyl methionine, tetrahydrofolate; Metabolism of nucleotides; Synthesis and catabolism of pyrimidines and purines; synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides; synthesis of thymine (amethopterin and cancer chemotherapy); Comparison of folate deficiency and cobalamin deficiency; Synthesis of cholesterol; Lipoproteins and lipid transport; Medical implications, familial hypercholesterolemia; Miscellaneous topics. [steroids, PG's]
III. MOLECULAR GENETICS
Overview, central dogma. DNA; Structure (base pairs; A, B, & Z helices; denaturing, supercoiling); DNA synthesis (replication); Overview: Enzymes (DNA polymerases, primase, helicase, ligase, topoisomerases); Sequence of events (origin, lagging strand). RNA; RNA synthesis (transcription); RNA polymerase, promotors, termination, Rho protein; Control of prokaryotic transcription, lac operon; Synthesis of tRNA and rRNA, nibozymes; Comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription; Modification of eukaryotic mRNA, introns, snRNP's; Protein synthesis (translation); The genetic code; Structure of tRNA, wobble hypothesis, structure of ribosomes; Sequence of events; Comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis; Repair of DNA; Mutation, errors in replication; Repair of pyrimidine dimers, deamination of cytosine; Laboratory techniques; Plasmids, retroviruses, restriction enzymes; Electrophoresis, Southern blots, cloning DNA in E. coli.
